Multiple-expansion internal-combustion engine



H. I. SCHARNAGEL.

MULTIPLE EXPANSION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED IIov I917.

1 35 541 2 Patented Sept. 21, 119200 55 it 5 III 8 f 10 QIIII C IIIII imj I II I Q I I f I III]! 59 7 7 5 6 6 r"; I I I 8 56 fjtion eng'nes;especially to multiple expan- .s1on oil engines.

HERMAN" J. YSCHIALBN'AGEL, or 'roivrrkrrrsvinnn; nn'w; vonx," AssienSPERRYQOFJBROOKLYN NEW YORK.

' Be it known that I, HnRMAn SoHAn- NAGEL a citizen of the United Statesof Amer ica, residing at 85-Hannah street,,Tompkinsville, in thecounty'of Richmond and State of-New Yorkphave invented "certain new anduseful Improvements in Multiple-E2;-

pansion Internal-Combustion Engines, of

which the following is a' specification.

This invention relates to internal combus-v One of the principal objectsof the inven-' I tion is to improve upon the valves used in suchenginesfor the admission of air to the high pressure cylinder-rand, forthe transfer of the gases fronf-the high to the l w;

pressure cylinder after the completion. of the orking stroke of thepiston in the high pressure cylinder.

Another object of the invention is to provide means for the effectualcooling of'the transfer valve; and to accomplish this with the use oftheintake air for the high pres-' sure cylinder.

- preventing the pressure-of the gases entering the low pressurecylinder from one high pressure cylinder, from forcing open the valvebetween the low pressure cylinder and the second high pressure cylinder,if em.-

. ployed. 'A'further specific object is to detheupper part of an engineembodying my Fig. 2.

operating the valves.

invention. v 'Fig. .2.is: a sectional elevatlon of the combined inletand transfer valve. I

Fig; 3 1s a section taken oniline 33 of Fig. 'jsaside elevation oflevers for I Fig. 5 isadetail showing the cams for ac:

tuatingv the said levers. Fig. 6

A further object is to providemeans for.

1s a modification showing means MULTIrLEmxP NsIoN INTERNAL-COMBUSTION'nne'mn.

28,- 1517. swam; 204,349..

Specification of Letters Patent.-

Sept, 21L

for keeping the air valve normally closed. a V

I In the drawings, '1 and 2 represent high pressure cylinders, while 3representsa low on T0 ELMER Ai pressui'e' cylinder; the low pressurepiston being shown at 4. Passages 5 leading from the high pressurecylinders'are provided to afiordco :nunication' through ports 6 fromsaid highipressurecylindersto the low pres sure cylinder. The saidpassage. preferably forms a continuation of the clearance space -5 inthe high pressure cylinder by extendingthe' clearance space laterally tooverlie ithe low. ressure cylinder as shown.

Two valvecasings8 are shown,,sec1i1ted by;

bolts- 9 the top or cylinder headlioitht.

'e1fg'ine.g The said valve casings are prefere ably immediatelyabove-the low pressure cylinder and adjacent the inner 'endof theaforesaid passages 5. The parts within each. of these casings arethesame, so that a de- 1 scription of one will'suflice for both. ;Thepreferred details are shown inFig. 2. The structure 'compri'ses a commontransfer and intake valve mechanism or two pa'rtvalve,- whichfor'convenience will, be treated as two .'-'sep'arate valves, the"transfer valve 7 and the intake valve 19...

Valve 7 is shown below the valve casing 8, with a stem portion or.shank- 11 reaching into said casing. A stem 11 fa'stened to said shankcontinues up through the top of the casing." Valve 19 is shown as {asleeve mounted over-the shank ll' and seating at 25 on the'flaring orflanged portion 26 of valve '7... Grooves or passages 24 are ,shown v inthe shank'11"'adjacent the sleeve or valve l .19.- Theupper part 62 ofsleeve 19 is preferablvlarger. than the lower part and has therein abalancing piston 61 fixedonthe shank 11' of'valve Q The functionof valve19 is to admit air to the high-pressure cylinder, whi'le valve ,-7 is topermit the gases in th'elhigh pressure cylinder after the completiono'fthe working fstroke of the piston. (not shown) therein,

toenter the lowpressure cylinder. ,xValve 1 7 closes port 6, and isnormally held in such position by a spring 16 engagingmember 17 fixed tothe top 18 of casing 8 anda collar 15 lockedon the stem 11 of valve 7.

A top portion" 12 is shown fixed to stem,

of Elmer A. Sperry, the intake air is pre- I Said compressed air. orother iown as having a roller 32 to en a cam 35 on the cam shaft 3-tl ofthe engine. The cam shaft is designed to be rotated by the engine crankshaft through anysuitable gearing (not shown). 33" is designed to rocklever 35 to effect the opoi'iing of valve 7.

Valve 19 held normally closed by springs 27 pr ing at one end againstthe top 18 of the valve casing. and at the other against a shoulder orcollar 28 on said valve. A lever pivoted at 30 (see also Fig. 41) isbifurcated at one end 31.. This end may reach into the valve casing andengage shoulder 28 as shown in Figs. 2 and t. The other end of the leveris shown as having a roller 32 engaging a cam 33 on cam shaft 31%. Therocking of lWOl' 29 effects the opening of valve 19.

According to the aforesaid application.

compressed. intake air, may be admitted through a channel 20 into achamber 21 in the valve casing. It then passes through openings 22 invalve 19. then down through passages or grooves 23 therein, and alsodown through passages or grooves 21 in valve 7 (See Fig. 3). 7 19 at 25the air is forced through passage 5 into the high pressure cylinder.

The channels 23 and grooves 24: are so arranged as to expose asufficient surface of valves 7 and 19 to the incoming an. to effect theproper cooling of these valvestthe ob ject being to cool the valvessufficiently to insure the proper working and preservatlou of theseparts, and 'yet not enough to macylinder.

' terially reduce the temperature of the gases passing from the high tothe low pressure The valves in addition are of course made preferably ofheat resisting material. only is the transfer valve effectively cooledbut that the heat which is abstracted therefrom is not wasted but takenup by the intake air and hence wholly conserved. The particularconstruction of the valves adopted lends itself well to the rapidtransfer of heat from the exposed surface of the transfer valve 7 tomore shielded parts of the valve,.\vhere the heat is rapidly andeffectively, dissipated. A valve stem 11' of substantial cross sectionis employed which serves to rapidly conduct the heat away from theexposed surface of the valve. Moreover, the valvestem is ch'anneledorfluted by grooves 24 thereby not only increasing its radiating surfacebut also furnishing channels for the passage of the com- .n flanges 13and 14' Cam Upon the opening of valve It should also be noted that notpressed intake air. channels. which are preferably spiraled around thestorm as indicated in Fig. 3, over the top of the valve 7 proper andinto the combustion cylinder.

This air flows down the It will be noted that the lifting of valve Imeans, responsive to the opening of valve 19 for applying the downwardpressure of springs 27 to said valve 7 in another manner. For thispurpose I have shown the fulcrum 30 of lever 29 asbeing pinned to a link59 suspemled at 60 from bell crank lever W'hen cam 33 rocks lever 29 onfloating fulcrum 30 to open valve 19, a force will be applied to lever35 through link 59 causing said lever to bear down on stem 11 of valve7. Another link (31 pivoted to link 59 at 62 and to bracket 37 at 63 mayserve to hold lever 29 against longitudinal movement. The system,furthermore, is so designed that when one of valves 7 is open, andduring the entire period in which the products of combustion enteringtherethrough are at work in the low pressure cylinder, the valve 7 ofthe opposite cylinder is subject to a maximum pressure from springs 27,since valve 19 is also closed during this period.

In the drawings I have shown a four cycle engine. Taking high pressurecylinder 1 for instance; presuming the cylinder to be in the exhaustedstate and the piston therein (not shown) nearing the limit of its downstroke. Gam 33 is designed at this moment to tilt lever 29 and openvalve 19,-permitting the air which is under initial compression inchamber '21-to fill the said cylinder. The "valve then closesas thepiston starts on its up stroke, and the air in the cylinder becomesfurther compressed to a very high degree. At the end of the up-stroke,the

opening fuel is admitted through valve .39 and becomes ignited whereuponthe piston is then forced down. At the end of this down stroke surecylinders from forcingopen the valve 7 between the low pressure cylinderand the .120 cam 33 is designed to rock lever 35, openv T sides of thevalve.

eaaeee 1 other high pressure cylinder, I have shown a passage 40 throughvalve 7 to chamber 41'. The, gas entering at the opposite valve willthusrpass into chamber 41- and produce a downward pressure on thebalancing piston 61 of the valve, substantially equal to the upwardpressure. Thus, beside subjecting the valve 7 which is closed to themaximum spring-pressure during the working stroke of the low pressurecylinder, means are pro-' vided fer equalizing the gas pressure on bothIn Fig, (SI-have shown a slight modification'in-the air inlet valve' Inthis figure the air valve'is'shown at'19 and is provided with abalancing piston in the fornr of a -flange 42 extending to, the walls 43of the valve casing 8. The purpose of this piston is to present to' thecompressed air circulated through the valve, a greater surface exposurefor downward than for'upward pressure. Thus, instead of the air underhigh pressure tending to. force its way through the valvewhen'closed-into the high pressure cylinder,-it will hold the valve moretightly closed. small air channel 44: maybe provided to allow any air-which may force its way under piston 42 to escape. suchza pistgn may beused'to supplement or replace entirely springs 27 for holding the valvesclosed. Y

The lubrication of the various parts of the valve may 'be effected .byforcing oil into the valve casing at 45. Passing'through channel 4= 6,it-- will run down-the inside of the valve casing into a groove 17 tolubri:

cate the bearing surfaces 48. {The oil seep- I ing through bearing 48will suflic'e .to. lubricate bearing ,49j-an'd also the rubbing surbearing 52 As shown at 58in Fig; 3, grooves 24 extending downjthe sideof valve *7 may be slightly spiral, so that the, rib or fins 6O willengage a greater surface on valve 19 when the latteris opened andclosed, and thus reduce the tendency .toward the wear.- ing of furrowsin said valve 19.

While my invention is illustrated in connection with 'a compound engine,it maybe used also in simple engines, in which case valve 7 wouldserve'as the exhaust valve. When so used, the means'provided forbalancing the valve by admitting the gases to the rear .thereof may bedispensed with.

Fluid passages or ducts 63 may be provided in the valve casing, throughwhich air or water or other cooling fluid maybe claim and faces 59 between valves'7'and 19'. Holes '50 through the upper portion ofvalve 19perm'it'oil -to runout from. groove 17,, down .its s'e'at.- a p 2. anlntern'al combustion; engine, the-'- "combination -w1th a' cylinder," ofa unitary therewith, and means for raising each valve caused to flow-Any, suitablemeans (not shown) may be provided for controlling thetemperature of the'said fluid-for controlling the temperatureofthe{va1ves.

One advantage of constructing the valves according to my inventionisthat aiminimum surface of the transfer valve exposed tothe hot gases,thereby renderi g the 'tem perature of said: valve moreeasilycontrolled. The air inlet valve, on the otherhand which covers alarge part of the exhaust valve isv thereby subject. to much. of

"the heat towhich'the exhaust valve would I otherwise be'subj'ect, butthe air passing through the valve into the cylinder, and thecoolingfiuid in duct 63' s erve"to'leep this I valve properly cooled. Itshould also-be f noted that the area of the. surfaces exposed to theheated gases is ,much less than the area exposed to the cooling fluid,theint riorsurfaces being channeled-and :fluted whil'e the exposedsurfaces are'smooth I accordance with the provisions of the patentstatutes, I have herein described the principleof operation of myinvention, to-] gether with the apparatus, which'I new consider torepresent the best embodimentthereof, but I desire to have it understoodthat the apparatus'shown is only illustrative and;

that the invention can be carried [out by 'other means. Also,whilelitfisdesigned-to Q use the various features and elements in'theofthes'e-may be altered and others omitted ;'w'ithout interfering withthe more. general results 0utlined,"'and to such use. 5e-

the inventio extends combination and-relations. described, some Havingdescribedinvention, "what I 1i In aninternal combustionengi-ne, the

combination with a-jcylinden of a unitary intake and, exhaust valvemechanism there for comprising an outwardly opening ex-' haust. valve, astem therefor,- a port normally closed by said valve, a sleeve surdesireto" secure by Letters Patrounding said stem and normally; seated- --upon said other valve forming ,fan inta'ke' valve and means for raisingeach valve from intake and exhaust valve mechanis ntherevalve, a sleevesurrounding- .said stem and stem for guiding the intake air into contactfrom its seat.

3. In an mternal combustion eng ne, a

-forj' comprisingan exhaust ."valve, a -stem] therefor, a port normallyclosed by said normally seated upon said other valve form'- ing anintake valve,' a passage along said.

cylinder, a unitar two part valve for said cylinder for admitting airthereto and for permitting the exhaust of the products of combustion, acasing for said valve, a chants. her in said casing adapted to'containair under pressure, a piston in said chamber on one of said parts forholding the same nor mally closed, means to: holding the other of saidparts normally closed, and means for opening the said parts.

4:. in a coinpound internal combustion. engine, in which the intake airis precompressed, a high and a low pressure cylinder, a port betweensaid cylinders, and a unitary two part valve comprising a central parthaving a stem tor closing said port and a closing said port and a sleevepart mounted over and seated. on said central part for admitting air tosaid high pressure cylinder and passages in said parts for a coolingfluid to pass through.

6. In a compound internal combustion engine, a high and a low pressurecylinder, a

vport between said cylinders, a'unitary two part valve comprising acentral part for closing said port and a sleeve part mounted over andseated on saidcentral part for admitting air to said high pressurecylinder, a

, piston on said central part, a chamber adjacent said piston andapassage through "said central part of said chamber.

7. In a compound internal combustion engine in which the intake air isprecompressed, a high and a low pressure cylinder, a port between saidcylinders, a unitary two part valve comprising a central part forclosing said port and a sleeve part mounted over and seated on saidcentral part for admitting air to said high pressure cylinder, and apiston on said sleeve part, having its working face exposed to thecompressed intake air and operating to hold both valves closed. I

8. In an internalcombustion engine, a

cylinder, a unitary two part valve associated therewith comprising acentral part, a sleeve part mounted over and'seated .on said cen-' tralpart,'a chamber in said casing, an air 'passage leading into saidchamber. means for opening said sleeve part to permit air from saidchamber to enter said cylinder, means fondirecting said air into contactwith said parts for cooling the same, means for opening said centralpart and a common means for holding either or both of said partsnormally closed irrespective of the po- "sition of the other valve.

9.'In an internal combustion engine, a high pressure cyhnde'r, a lowpressure cylair to said high yn'cssu tion engine, a high and a lowpressure cylpart valve comprising a central part for inder, means forpie-compressing the air prior to compression in the high pressurecylinder, a -passage between said cylinders, a two part valve adjacentsaid cylinders, one part thereof adapted to open and close said passageand the other part thereof adapted to admit the compressed air to saidhigh pressure.cylinder, means for opening said first part between twoexpansion stages, and means for opening the other part between twocompression stages.

11.: In an internal combustion engine, a high and a low pressurecylinder, a passage between said cylinders, a two part valve associatedwith said cylinders, comprising a central part having a stem adapted toseat in said passage for opening and closing the same and an outer partsurrounding said stem and seated on said central part and adapted toopen and close by moving reciprocally on and relative to said centralpart for admitting air to said high'pressure cylinder and air passagesalong said stem to cool the same.

12. In an internal combustion engine, a

high pressure-cylinder, a low pressure cyl ind'er, a passage betweensaid cylinders, a valve adapted to open and close said passage, and asecond valve adapted to admit air to said high pressure cylinder, saidvalves being coaxial and having pass-ages through which the intake airpasses to cool the same.

13. In a combustion engine having a multi-stage compression for theintake air and a multi-stage expansion for the working products, thecombination with a combustion cylinder and an expansion cylinder, of acommon two piirt 'alvc mechanism acting between the respective stages onboth the compression and expansion operations of the cycles.

14:. In a unitary two part valve, a central valve, a sleeve valvemounted thereover and seated thereon, means for holding said sleeve forholding said oentral'valve closed when said sleeve valve, is opened.

'16. In a unitary two part valve', a -central valve, a sleeve valvemounted thereoverand seated m ans for holding said 1 the one which isseated on th th is raised.- Y I valves normally closed, a lever foropening said-central valvei-a-nd a lever for opening said sleeve valve,the fulcrumof said seoond mentioned leverbeing supported from said firstmentioned lever for holding said central valve closed when saidsleevevalve is I opened; v

- 17.In a two part valve, a central part,-- an outer part adapted toseat on said central I 'part, a spring for, holding said-outer'partnormally closed and thereby .alsoholding said central partnormallyclosed, means fori opening each offsaid parts, and means-forcausing said spring to continue -to :ho1d said central part closed whensaid outer partis open.

18 In a'twofp art; valve, a central part, lj an outer part adapted toseat'on said central? part, a spring for holding said outer part inormally closedandthereby also hold said central part normally closed,means, foropening'each ofxsaidfparts neansi'for causing said springtooontinue tohold' said cene tral part closed whensaid outerpart is openand-additional means forwassisting i nholdingsaidc'e'ntral part normallyclosed. jil 1 19'. Inna multiple expansion "engine, a- 'transfer valvehaving a stem, an intake valve; seated thereon, and surrounding-the- .isteinof said transfer .valve,- .said intake, valve havinga passagewaytherethrough to guide];

the incoming air over the transfer-valve I I and'Istem. i

v In Ififiitiple xpastnr eng iie iny which the, intake air-isrprecompressed, ,a

' ton on the'valve which. is seated on the other said transfer valvestem pressure cylinder.

transfer valve, a valve seattherefor, anintake valve seated-thereon, anda piston on,- said intake 'vvalve subject to the pressure of,

the'intake air for holding both the valves on their seats. L

21. In a multiple expansion engine, a

transfer valve haying a' stem, an intake .valve seated thereon, saidvalves havingpas- 50 sages Vsuch'th at the intake air passes along inentering the high 22. In a. multiple expansion engine'in which theintakeairis precompresse'd, a transfer valve, an intake valve, oneofsa1d valves beifig' seated on the'other, and a pisvalve for holding bothvalves on their; seats.

a 23. In an internal combustion engine, a double valve comprising acentral valve and signature.

a sleeve valve, one of which is seated on the i other, a common-yieldingmeans. for hold- 1 ing both valves closed, linkage for. opening eachvalve, andlinkage associated therewith, l

for transferring the pressure of'said yielding meansto the other of,saidkvalves when engine. 1

V 25. I In a multipleexpansion internal com-v I bustion engine, thecombination ;with high and. low pressure oyli'nders,. the former hja'V-jjingan elongated clearance space overlying the-end of the'jl'atter,-=a-;.transfer passage leadingfroml said space into the lowpressureflcylinder an, outwardly opening transfer valve'havingastem-normally closing saidpasseige, a sleeve surrounding said stem-.and-seated.on sa dvalve-,fan'd'means for .eir

culating airthrough sa d sleeve to cool-the" yalvealdr.

- j 26. In a expansion internal com-- bustionrengine, thefconibinationwith high and low" pressure cylinders, the former havi ing a substantialclearance space, a transfer l having a tem passing through ,sa

pace, anda protective sleeve shieldin md valvean'd stem. l v f p27, In;a multiple expansionjinternal' com bustionengine, aconibined intake andtransllfer valve comprising a disk transfer valve 3 having-a stem, aseattherefor-opening into the low pressure cylinder, a sleeve seated on saidvalve formingjhe intake valve and surrounding said stem.,- an d meansfor increas- ':ing the surfaceslof said sleeve and stem washed by theintake air above *the area of the exterior surfaces exposed to the hotproducts in the two cylinders 28. In an internal combustion engine, acylinder receiving hot gases alternately from two other cylinders, avalve ,communlcating with such cylinder having a plurality of sur-..faces, means for supplying a coolingmedium one of said surfaces beingexposed to the said hotgases, andv another surface for the valve ofgreater area being exposed to said cooling medium and shielded'from saidhot gases.

, In testimony whereof I have aflixed my HERMAN J. .S-GHARNAGEL.

